Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of ALDH3A2 in healthy people and patients with AML (A) The expression of ALDH3A2 in various tumors compared with normal tissues. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (B) Expression of ALDH3A2 in 88 leukemia cell lines. (C) The survival curve of patients with high and low expression of ALDH3A2 (n [low expression] = 121, n [high expression] = 30). (D) The expression of protein ALDH3A2 in HL-60, HL-60/ADM, K562, K562/ADM, and bone marrow in patients. (E) The expression of ALDH3A2 RNA in bone marrow mononuclear cells of AML patients in the CR ( n = 9), C1NR ( n = 8), and R/R ( n = 10) group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (F) The expression of ALDH3A2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells of 3 AML patients at their initial and recurrent stage. (G) High/low expression of ALDH3A2 and molecular mutation distribution of 66 AML patients. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: ALDH3A2-V protects AML cells from ferroptosis and cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (A) ALDH3A2 mRNA relative expression in HL-60/ADM and K562/ADM cells after transfection of siRNA by electroporation. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (B) The lipid peroxidation degree of HL60ADM and K562ADM cells in the control (ctrl) and ALDH3A2 knockdown (KD) groups after the same dose of doxorubicin treatment for 48 h. (C) The content of ALDH3A2 protein in HL-60, K562, U937, and KG-1α in the ALDH3A2 overexpressing (OE) group and the control (CON) group. (D) The location of ALDH3A2-V overexpression. This representative image was selected from 3 independent replicate experiments, with 4 fields of view evaluated per replicate. (E) Lipid peroxidation in HL-60, K562, U937, and KG-1α in the ALDH3A2 OE group and the CON group under the same concentration of doxorubicin treatment. (F and G) Cell viability and its fitting curve of HL-60, K562, U937, and KG-1α in the ALDH3A2 OE group and the CON group under the gradient concentration of doxorubicin treatment. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups, and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Electroporation, Control, Knockdown, Over Expression, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: ALDH3A2 affects the sensitivity of AML cells to doxorubicin by altering 4-HNE and fatty acid content (A) The content of 4-HNE in cell lysate and culture supernatant of AML cells in the doxorubicin treatment (ADR) group and control (CON) group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (B) The content of 4-HNE in HL-60, U937, and KG-1α of the overexpressing ALDH3A2 (OE) group and the CON group under the same concentration of doxorubicin treatment. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (C) OPLS-DA was performed on the measured fatty acids. Quantitative data for fatty acid and cell viability were collected from 3 independent experiments. (D) Variable Importance in Projection（VIP) value of different fatty acids; the difference is considered significant when the VIP>1. (E) Content of three different fatty acids in the CON and OE ALDH3A2 group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (F) Cell viability of AML cells in heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid-pretreated groups and the CON group after the treatment of doxorubicin. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (G) Lipid peroxidation in AML cells in heptadecanoic acid-, oleic acid-, and linoleic acid-pretreated groups and the CON group after the treatment of doxorubicin. These images were selected from 3 independent replicates. Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups, ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01 between the two groups, and ∗∗∗ indicates p < 0.001 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Control, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of fatty acids and ALDH3A2 on plasma membrane fluidity and drug uptake (A) Laurdan staining showed different ratios of order and disorder phases in the control, heptadecanoic acid-, oleic acid-, or linoleic acid-treated groups. These representative images were selected from 3 independent replicate experiments, with 4 fields of view evaluated per replicate. (B) Flow cytometry was employed to quantify Cy5 fluorescence intensity in control, heptadecanoic acid-, oleic acid-, or linoleic acid-pretreated groups at 2- and 4-h intervals following doxorubicin exposure. The representative image was selected from 3 independent replicate experiments. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (C) Laurdan staining showed different ratios of order and disorder phases in the control and ALDH3A2 high groups. The mCherry fluorescent protein was co-expressed with ALDH3A2, which indicates successful transfection of the overexpression plasmid into the cells. These representative images were selected from 3 independent replicate experiments, with 4 fields of view evaluated per replicate. (D) U937 cells in the control group and ALDH3A2 high group were treated with Cy5-labeled doxorubicin. The mCherry fluorescent protein was co-expressed with ALDH3A2, which indicates successful transfection of the overexpression plasmid into the cells. These representative images were selected from 3 independent replicate experiments, with 4 fields of view evaluated per replicate. Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups, and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Staining, Control, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Labeling, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: In in vivo experiments, AML with high expression of ALDH3A2 exhibits a poorer response to doxorubicin (A) Schematic diagram of the process for establishing the AML mouse model. (B) In vivo bioimaging shows the success of the model and the leukemia burden in mice before and after treatment. (C) Statistics of fluorescence values ( n = 5) on days 3 and 7 of the experiment. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (D) Survival curves of mice in different groups. (E) 4-HNE content in plasma of mice in different groups ( n = 5) on day 7. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (F) 4-HNE content in plasma of AML patients with low ( n = 5) and high ( n = 5) ALDH3A2 expression levels before and after receiving chemotherapy. Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups, and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired or paired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: In Vivo, Expressing, Fluorescence, Clinical Proteomics, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: X24003 inhibits ALDH3A2 and enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin on resistant AML cells (A) OPLS-DA was performed on the measured fatty acid containment in the X24003 treatment group and control group. Quantitative data for fatty acid and cell viability were collected from 3 independent experiments. VIP value of different fatty acids; the difference is considered significant when the VIP>1. (B) X24003 exhibits a synergistic effect with doxorubicin in the elimination of doxorubicin-resistant AML cell lines HL-60ADM and K562ADM. (C) X24003 augments doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation in doxorubicin-resistant AML cell strains without affecting the parental cell lines. The representative image was selected from three independent replicate experiments. (D) In vivo bioimaging shows the success of the model and the leukemia burden in mice before and after treatment.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Control, In Vivo

Journal: iScience

Article Title: ALDH3A2-mediated fatty acid synthesis induces ferroptosis and AML drug resistance

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116202

Figure Lengend Snippet: HDAC2 binds to the promoter of the ALDH3A2 gene and regulates its expression (A) CUT&RUN indicates that HDAC2 binds to the promoter of the ALDH3A2 gene; the binding affinity is observed to decrease after treatment with chidamide. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . (B) The expression of ALDH3A2 protein in AML cells following treatment with doxorubicin or chidamide. (C) Treatment of chidamide enhances lipid peroxidation induced by doxorubicin in AML cells. The representative image was selected from three independent replicate experiments. (D) Chidamide exhibits a synergistic effect with doxorubicin in the elimination of AML cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. The specific data are shown in the supplemental table . Ns indicates no statistical difference between the two groups, ∗ indicates p < 0.05 between the two groups, and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01 between the two groups. Statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests for the comparison of two groups.

Article Snippet: ALDH3A2 expression in human leukemia cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells , Human Protein Atlas website ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) , .

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chromap Suite: an open-source single-binary platform for agentic multiomic RNA + ATAC profiling

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.02.729736

Figure Lengend Snippet: Standalone wall-clock (left) and peak resident memory (right) at T = 1, 4, 24 threads versus single-threaded MACS3 v3.0.3 on the public 10x 3K PBMC Multiome ATAC channel (53.97 M deduplicated fragments). Speedup ratios annotated above libMACS3 bars. All thread counts produce a 50,274-peak narrowPeak file byte-identical to the MACS3 v3.0.3 reference; treat, lambda, and ppois bedGraphs and summit calls are likewise byte-identical (see Methods, ).

Article Snippet: The source code described in this work is freely available under permissive open-source licences: The 10x Genomics 3K PBMC Multiome dataset used for benchmarking is publicly available from 10x Genomics [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CellClick: an interactive platform for adjustable and accurate cell type annotation in single-cell and spatial omics data

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.01.727775

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The schematic diagram of the cell identification workflow for the 10k PBMCs dataset using CellClick. CD14+ Mono, CD14 + Monocytes; MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T cells; NK, natural killer cells; CD16+ Mono, CD16 + Monocytes; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (B) Reference marker gene-based marker gene scores for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6”. (C) Expression patterns of CellClick suggested marker genes for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6”. (D) Annotation results for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6” using CellClick. (E) Reference marker gene-based marker gene scores for Cluster “5”. Reference marker genes with ambiguous cell type identities are highlighted with red box in the dot plot. (F) Expression patterns of CD3D (the marker gene for T cells), CD8B (the marker gene for CD8 + T cells), NCR1 (the marker gene for NK cells), and NCAM1 (the marker gene for NK cells) across all cell clusters. (G) Annotation results for Cluster “5” using CellClick. (H) UMAP embedding showing cells expressing SLC4A10 in the 10k PBMCs dataset. (I) UMAP embedding of cell selection results for Cluster “MAIT” using the Cluster Refinement function. (J) Newly identified marker genes for temporary Cluster “MAIT,0” and Cluster “MAIT,1” after rerunning the Cell Identification function. (K) Reannotation results for Cluster “MAIT” using CellClick. The color rule for gene names in the dot plots of panels (C) and (E) is the same as described in (C) .

Article Snippet: The 10k PBMCs dataset, a human peripheral blood single-cell RNA-seq dataset, was downloaded from the 10x Genomics website ( https://www.10xgenomics.com/cn/datasets/10-k-pbm-cs-from-a-healthy-donor-v-3-chemistry-3-standard-3-0-0 ) and used to demonstrate the ability of CellClick in generating more accurate cell type annotation results for preprocessed single-cell RNA-seq dataset.

Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Selection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CellClick: an interactive platform for adjustable and accurate cell type annotation in single-cell and spatial omics data

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.01.727775

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Workflow and functions of the Data Preprocessing module. (B) Workflow and functions of the Data Visualization module. (C) Workflow and functions of the Cell Annotation module. In the dot plot of the Cell Identification function, the names of known reference marker genes reported by COSG are shown in red, and the names of marker genes newly identified by COSG are shown in blue. (D) Workflow and functions of the Annotation Validation module. The dot plot produced by the Reference Comparison function shows the expression pattern of marker genes identified for the target cluster, sorted by their COSG scores. (E) Workflow and functions of the Cell Reannotation module. Panels (B) to (E) represent the analysis results of the 3k PBMCs dataset.

Article Snippet: The 3k PBMCs dataset, a human peripheral blood single-cell RNA-seq dataset, was downloaded from the 10x Genomics website ( https://support.10xgenomics.com/single-cell-gene-expression/datasets/1.1.0/pbmc3k ) and used to illustrate the main functions of CellClick.

Techniques: Marker, Biomarker Discovery, Produced, Comparison, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: CellClick: an interactive platform for adjustable and accurate cell type annotation in single-cell and spatial omics data

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.01.727775

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The schematic diagram of the cell identification workflow for the 10k PBMCs dataset using CellClick. CD14+ Mono, CD14 + Monocytes; MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T cells; NK, natural killer cells; CD16+ Mono, CD16 + Monocytes; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (B) Reference marker gene-based marker gene scores for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6”. (C) Expression patterns of CellClick suggested marker genes for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6”. (D) Annotation results for Cluster “0” and Cluster “6” using CellClick. (E) Reference marker gene-based marker gene scores for Cluster “5”. Reference marker genes with ambiguous cell type identities are highlighted with red box in the dot plot. (F) Expression patterns of CD3D (the marker gene for T cells), CD8B (the marker gene for CD8 + T cells), NCR1 (the marker gene for NK cells), and NCAM1 (the marker gene for NK cells) across all cell clusters. (G) Annotation results for Cluster “5” using CellClick. (H) UMAP embedding showing cells expressing SLC4A10 in the 10k PBMCs dataset. (I) UMAP embedding of cell selection results for Cluster “MAIT” using the Cluster Refinement function. (J) Newly identified marker genes for temporary Cluster “MAIT,0” and Cluster “MAIT,1” after rerunning the Cell Identification function. (K) Reannotation results for Cluster “MAIT” using CellClick. The color rule for gene names in the dot plots of panels (C) and (E) is the same as described in (C) .

Article Snippet: The 3k PBMCs dataset, a human peripheral blood single-cell RNA-seq dataset, was downloaded from the 10x Genomics website ( https://support.10xgenomics.com/single-cell-gene-expression/datasets/1.1.0/pbmc3k ) and used to illustrate the main functions of CellClick.

Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Selection